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COLOR and LIGHT

Gillerman

 

Color systems are constructs with generally predictable sets of rules, but there are many different systems of color – and …  LIGHT and PIGMENT act very differently.

PRIMARY COLOR: is a color that cannot be created by mixing other color

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PIGMENTS and LIGHT act differently and have DIFFERENT PRIMARY COLORS.

 

Pigment is referred to as Subtractive color

Light is referred to as Additive color

PIGMENT

Primary Colors: Red, Yellow, Blue

Compliments: Green, Violet, Orange (secondary colors)

(Red-violet, Blue-violet, Blue-green, Yellow-green, Yellow-orange, and Red-orange are tertiary colors)

Subtractive |  Absorb or Reflect Light - R + Y + B = BLACK/MUD (INK/Pigment)

LIGHT

Primary Colors: Red, Green, Blue

Adding R + G light makes yellow (Y).

G + B = cyan (C) and R + B = magenta (M)

Combining all three additive primaries makes white light.

Additive  |  R + G + B = WHITE LIGHT

PRINT (pigment)

Subtractive Primaries: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow

The subtractive primaries are C, M and Y. Cyan absorbs red; hence C is sometimes called "minus red" (-R). Similarly, M is -G and Y is -B.

CMYK: K = "Key" (sometimes Black)

PRISM (Solid Glass Optics)

White Light (Sunlight) enters the prism and is separated into different wavelengths of component colors,

the solar light spectrum, colors in a Rainbow.

Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet

(Realized first by Sir Isaac Newton - 1666)

The Solar Light Spectrum

Rainbow colors are created when raindrops refract the light from the sun into a color spectrum. A prism does the same thing.

R  O  Y   G    B  I  V
Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet

Light travels in waves of different lengths. The "Visible Light Spectrum" of light and colors we see are only a small part of the "electromagnetic spectrum".

SOUND AND VIDEO INTERSECTIONS

  • While light and sound are different types of waves – light is electromagnetic and sound is mechanical – they can both interact with materials, and through these interactions, they can influence each other's path and properties

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  • Analog Video and Sound frequencies intersect when the sound frequency is derived from the video signal itself
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  • The sound carrier frequency is located at a specific offset (e.g., 6 MHz) above the video carrier.

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  • Sound happens at a lower frequency than light

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  • Human-audible sound typically ranges from 20 Hz to 20 kHz, while video frequencies are in the terahertz (THz) range (1 THz = 1,000,000 MHz), as video is based on electromagnetic waves of visible light. Sound is a mechanical wave with vibrations in the air or other mediums, whereas visible light, which makes up video, is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum. 

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Frequency:

The number of times a sound wave repeats per second, determining its pitch

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Beat Frequency:

The audible frequency produced when two sound waves of slightly different frequencies interfere with each other. 

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